Durability of humoral immune responses to rubella following MMR vaccination

BackgroundWhile administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR-II®) vaccine has been effective at preventing rubella infection in the United States, the durability of humoral immunity to the rubella component of MMR vaccine has not been widely studied among older adolescents and adults.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we sought to assess the durability of rubella virus (RV)-specific humoral immunity in a healthy population (n = 98) of adolescents and young adults at two timepoints: ~7 and ~17 years after two doses of MMR-II® vaccination. Levels of circulating antibodies specific to RV were measured by ELISA and an immune-colorimetric neutralization assay. RV-specific memory B cell responses were also measured by ELISpot.ResultsRubella-specific IgG antibody titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and memory B cell responses declined with increasing time since vaccination; however, these decreases were relatively moderate. Memory B cell responses exhibited a greater decline in men compared to women.ConclusionsCollectively, rubella-specific humoral immunity declines following vaccination, although subjects’ antibody titers remain well above the currently recognized threshold for protective immunity. Clinical correlates of protection based on neutralizing antibody titer and memory B cell ELISpot response should be defined.     

Recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) second-dose series completion in adults aged 50–64 years in the United States

In 2018, CDC recommended a highly efficacious adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) as a 2-dose series for prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) for immunocompetent persons age ≥ 50 years, with the 2nd dose recommended 2–6 months after the 1st dose. We estimated second-dose RZV series completion in the U.S. among 50–64-year-olds using two administrative databases. Second-dose RZV series completion was ～70% within 6-months and 80% within 12-months of first dose. Among those who received only 1 RZV dose with at least 12 months of follow-up time, 96% had a missed opportunity for a second-dose vaccination, defined as a provider or pharmacy visit, among whom 36% had a visit for influenza or pneumococcal vaccination within 2–12 months of their first-dose of RZV. We found that RZV series completion rates in 50–64-year-olds was high. Availability of RZV at pharmacies has potentially helped increase series completion, but missed opportunities remain.     

轨迹分析模型在流行病学研究中的应用

通过对60 名青少年4 次脂肪发育数据的分析, 介绍轨迹分析模型在流行病学研究中的应用。结果显示, 正常脂肪组、偏高脂肪组、超高脂肪组具有不同的发展趋势。轨迹分析模型在拟合异质性追踪数据方面具有较好的优势。     

中国县及县以上医疗机构2005年死亡病例漏报及报告质量评价

目的了解中国县及县以上医疗机构网络直报死亡病例的漏报情况,评价网络直报死亡病例的报告质量。方法使用分层随机抽样的方法在全国范围内抽取130家医疗机构开展调查,分别使用现场调查数据和网络直报数据评价医疗机构死亡病例漏报及其报告质量。结果2005年全国的县区报告率为78．25％,单位报告率为37．93％,与2004年相比略有下降;全国平均报告合格率为79．62％,比2004年有所提高;县及县以上医疗机构死亡病例有明显编码错误的比例为24．68％。现场调查共收集门诊、急诊、住院部死亡病例5226例,全国县及县以上医疗机构死亡病例总的漏报率为33．07％,不同级别医疗机构死亡病例漏报率的差异无统计学意义。结论全国县及县以上医疗机构死亡病例网络报告系统自运转以来,提高了数据报告的及时性,但也存在不足,如死亡病例存在缺漏报、及时性和编码准确性还有待提高,多系统并存工作重复的医院不在少数,应逐步建立全国统一的生命登记系统。     

Rationale and design of the National Program of Cancer Registries' breast, colon, and prostate cancer patterns of care study

Background: Investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), are collaborating with public health professionals from seven states and the District of Columbia to conduct the Patterns of Care study to assess the quality of cancer data and to determine whether stage-specific treatments are being carried out. Methods: To assess the quality and completeness of cancer care data in the United States, trained staff from the Patterns of Care study are abstracting medical records to obtain detailed clinical data on treatment, tumor characteristics, stage at diagnosis, and demographics of representative samples of patients diagnosed with breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Altogether staff from each of the eight participating cancer registries will abstract 500 cases of breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancer for the CONCORD study and an additional 150 cases of localized breast cancer, 100 cases of stage III colon cancer, and 100 cases of localized prostate cancer for the Patterns of Care study. Chi-square tests will be used to compare routine registry data with re-abstracted data. The investigators will use logistic regression techniques to describe the characteristics of patients with localized breast and prostate cancer and stage III colon cancer. Age, race, sex, type of insurance, and comorbidity will be examined as predictors of the use of those treatments that are consistent with consensus guidelines. The investigators plan to use data from the CONCORD study to determine whether treatment factors are the reason for the reported differences between relative survival rates in the United States and Europe. Conclusions Results from the methodology used in the Patterns of Care study will provide, for the first time, detailed information about the quality and completeness of stage and treatment data that are routinely collected by states participating in the NPCR. It will add significantly to our understanding of factors that determine receipt of treatment in compliance with established guidelines. As part of the CONCORD study, it will also examine differences in survival among cancer patients with breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancers in the United States and Europe.     

基于互联网的流行病学调查数据采集定制系统模型建立

目的：缩短流行病学调查项目周期并提高数据质量,实现流行病学调查流程高复用、调查内容的可扩展性,解决流行病调查中遇到的现实问题。方法：对原有的流行病调查项目、调查系统等进行研究,抽取其关键业务流程与内容。结合目前信息技术发展水平及趋势,在可行性分析的基础上使用体系结构建模方法（Integration Definition Language,IDEF）进行信息系统建模。结果：构建出信息系统模型,开发系统原型进行功能验证。结论：基于组件的流行病调查数据定制采集平台,能够有效解决流行病调查中存在的数据散乱、标准不统一、重复开发、周期过长等问题,提高工作效率。     

国家及省级疾病预防控制机构学术影响力分析研究

运用h指数、ESI高被引论文、ESI热点论文等文献计量学指标分析Web of Science^TM上2007-2016年间中国疾病预防控制中心及省级疾病预防控制中心的论文,对比中国疾病预防控制中心、5个SCI论文量最多的省级疾病预防控制中心的学术影响力,提出发挥中国疾病预防控制中心的学术带头作用、各省级疾病预防控制中心在各自研究领域继续发挥所长等建议。